China's May retail sales fall for first time in over three years

BEIJING - China's economy showed increasing unevenness in May, with retail sales falling for the first time in over three years while industrial output picked up pace.

Industrial output rose 4.5% in May from a year earlier, picking up from the 4.1% growth recorded in April, data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) showed on Tuesday. The reading beat expectations of a 4.3% increase in a Reuters poll.

A surge in global AI investment has helped the world's biggest manufacturer offset the export hit many had expected from the Middle East turmoil, but a 19.4% export gain has yet to filter through to domestic consumption.

Retail sales, a key gauge of consumption, slid 0.6% in May, reversing April's 0.2% rise and below the estimated 0.0%. It was the first monthly fall since December 2022.

That fragility was evident in the auto sector. A downturn in domestic car sales extended into an eighth consecutive month in May, underscoring softening demand in the world's largest auto market, where pressure is likely to persist through the rest of the year.

Even the five-day Labour Day holiday failed to lift consumer activities, with the impact of the government's consumer-goods trade-in scheme fading gradually.

Tuesday's data highlight a two-speed growth pattern in China's economy, with the export sector showing stellar performance but domestic demand worsening amid a multi-year property downturn.

Price data also pointed to imbalances in the growth. The widening gap between factory-gate inflation, which rose to its highest level since July 2022, and stagnant consumer inflation suggests demand has yet to keep pace with supply-side growth.

Investment was much weaker than expected. Fixed-asset investment fell 4.1% in the first five months of 2025, following a 1.6% decline in the January-April period. Economists had expected a 2% fall.

Property investment extended its decline in the first five months, dropping 16.2% compared with the same period last year after falling 13.7% in January-to-April. On a month-on-month basis, new home prices fell at a slightly faster pace in May.

Weak household loan data released last week suggested that people remain wary of borrowing to buy houses amid sluggish income growth and job insecurity.

The nation-wide survey-based jobless rate eased to 5.1% from April's 5.2%, as fears of AI displacement caused worker anxiety.

(Reporting by Qiaoyi Li, Ellen Zhang and Kevin Yao; Editing by Kim Coghill)

Copyright Reuters or USA Today Network via Reuters Connect.

This story was originally published June 15, 2026 at 10:18 PM.